What is VFX? What is CGI?

Let’s start with VFX. It stands for Visual effects

In the realm of filmmaking and digital artistry, terms like VFX (Visual Effects) and CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery) often get thrown around interchangeably. However, understanding the differences between these two terms is crucial for appreciating the intricate world of visual storytelling.

How do you define VFX and CGI

Visual Effects (VFX) encompass a broad spectrum of techniques used to manipulate or enhance imagery in film, television, and other media. This includes everything from adding digital creatures and environments to compositing multiple layers of footage for seamless integration. On the other hand, Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) specifically refers to the creation of digital elements using computer software, such as 3D modelling, animation, and rendering.

The Role of VFX in Filmmaking: VFX serve as the backbone of modern filmmaking, enabling filmmakers to realise their creative visions and transport audiences to fantastical worlds. VFX encompass a wide range of techniques, including green screen compositing, matte painting, motion tracking, and practical effects enhancement. From explosive action sequences to otherworldly landscapes, VFX artists are responsible for bringing imagination to life on the big screen

Understanding CGI

While CGI is often a component of VFX, it represents a distinct subset of techniques focused on creating entirely digital elements from scratch. CGI encompasses the creation of 3D models, animation, texturing, lighting, and rendering to produce lifelike characters, creatures, and environments. From the towering dinosaurs of “Jurassic Park” to the photorealistic landscapes of “Avatar,” CGI has revolutionised the way filmmakers bring imagination to reality.

The Intersection of VFX and CGI: While VFX and CGI are distinct concepts, they often intersect in the filmmaking process. VFX artists utilise CGI techniques to create digital elements that are seamlessly integrated into live-action footage, enhancing the overall visual experience. Conversely, CGI-heavy films may rely heavily on VFX techniques to blend digital elements with practical effects and real-world environments.

What CGI creation software is used

CGI, or Computer-Generated Imagery, is essentially synonymous with 3D and of course the 3D departments. It encompasses anything created using traditional 3D vertex-based methods like modelling, rigging, and character animation. Software like ZBrush, Maya, Max, Mari, Houdini, and Blender are all dedicated to CGI, allowing artists to craft computer-generated images from scratch. Check out one of our previous posts from last year with 6 Awesome options for 3D Animation Software in 2023

On the other hand, VFX, or Visual Effects, primarily involves manipulating existing footage. While it may sound straightforward, VFX tasks can range from pulling keys and paintwork to creating entirely computer-generated effects. For instance, VFX artists may use tools to add lens flares, interpolate footage, integrate particles, or create matte paintings. Additionally, VFX often collaborates closely with the CGI department, incorporating their computer-generated elements seamlessly into the final product.

In essence, CGI deals with creating digital imagery from scratch, while VFX focuses on enhancing or altering existing footage. However, both play integral roles in the post-production process, working together to bring filmmakers’ visions to life on the screen.

In the dynamic world of filmmaking and digital artistry, Visual Effects (VFX) and Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) play indispensable roles in shaping cinematic experiences. While VFX encompass a broad range of techniques for manipulating imagery, CGI specifically focuses on creating digital elements from scratch. By understanding the distinction between VFX and CGI, we gain a deeper appreciation for the artistry and innovation behind the magic of cinema.

How does this differ to SPFX then?

SPFX stands for Special Effects. Not to be confused with SFX (Sound effects). Special effects encompasses a wide range of techniques used in film, television, theater, and other media to create illusions or enhance storytelling. Unlike visual effects (VFX), which are primarily created using computer-generated imagery (CGI), special effects often involve practical, physical elements such as props, makeup, animatronics, pyrotechnics, and other practical methods. (These are physical/ practical on set)

SPFX can include anything from elaborate makeup to create realistic injuries or creatures, to explosive pyrotechnic effects for action sequences, to miniature models and forced perspective to create the illusion of scale. These effects are often executed on set during filming, with the aim of capturing the desired effect in-camera, although they may also be enhanced or supplemented with CGI in post-production.

Examples in Action

1. Special Effects (SPFX):

   • Example: The prosthetic makeup effects in “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King” transformed actor Andy Serkis into the character Gollum. The detailed makeup, combined with Serkis’ performance, created a believable and iconic character.
   • Example: The practical animatronic dinosaurs in “Jurassic Park” brought prehistoric creatures to life on screen. The lifelike movements and realistic appearance of the dinosaurs were achieved through a combination of animatronics, puppetry, and miniature models.

2. Visual Effects (VFX):

   • Example: The flying scenes in “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” were achieved using visual effects. Actors were filmed against a green screen, and the backgrounds were added digitally in post-production to create the illusion of flight.
   • Example: The transforming robots in “Transformers” were created using visual effects. CGI was used to animate the robotic characters seamlessly into live-action footage, allowing them to interact with the human characters and their environment.

3. Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI):

   • Example: The character of Thanos in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, particularly in “Avengers: Infinity War” and “Avengers: Endgame,” is a prime example of CGI. Actor Josh Brolin’s performance was captured using motion capture technology, and his likeness was digitally overlaid with a fully computer-generated character.
   • Example: The alien world of Pandora in “Avatar” was predominantly created using CGI. The lush landscapes, exotic flora and fauna, and towering creatures were all digitally created, immersing viewers in a visually stunning and otherworldly environment.

The beauty or combination of a bunch of these makes for a great film experience alongside all the other elements of a film that are important such as script, cast, tech, crew and lots of planning. Combining SPFX, VFX, and CGI in a film allows filmmakers to leverage the strengths of each technique to create a cohesive and immersive visual experience. By seamlessly integrating practical and digital effects, filmmakers can transport audiences to new worlds, evoke powerful emotions, and bring their creative visions to life on the screen.

Ultimately, the successful use of SPFX, VFX, and CGI contributes to the overall impact and success of a film, enhancing its storytelling and leaving a lasting impression on viewers.

Over time, the terms CGI and VFX have become synonymous with the cutting-edge visual effects techniques employed in filmmaking. However, it’s essential to recognise that VFX encompasses a broader spectrum of techniques beyond just computer-generated imagery. Matte paintings, compositing, motion graphics, and practical effects all fall under the umbrella of VFX, One can only assume that the introduction of AI techniques will even evolve and change these terms furthermore.

For more content around this, check out VFX or SPFX what’s the deal?